The Heroic Code - 1182 Words

Samantha Budd 01/30/2013 Honors World Literature Ms. Iverson The Heroic Code The life of a warrior is not always filled with glamour and glory. Warriors cannot simply waltz through a tough battle, shedding blood left and right and taking all the glory and credit for themselves. There are often tough decisions to be made. Warriors also cannot just think of themselves, for their decisions often affect the lives of others as well. They need the heroic code to guide them in their decision making. In this essay, I will describe the heroic code and share its applications in the stories of Beowulf, Gilgamesh and Noah, and The Illiad, as well as my other personal experiences. I will start with the story of The Man of La Mancha, which†¦show more content†¦Beowulf’s loyalty is most prominent at the end when he fights the dragon. He did not want to fight the dragon because of his age, but felt that he owed it to the king to do it. Beowulf was so highly revered that everyone was deeply saddened by his death. He truly lived his life exactly to the Germani c heroic code. Nearly all of Beowulf’s actions in this poem follow the heroic code. He saved lives, fought every battle bravely, was loyal even in situations of life and death, courageous, and rewarded and revered even the warriors underneath him. The fact that he died in battle just means that he did not only live as a hero but die as one too. The last example of the heroic code in epic stories is from The Epic of Gilgamesh. Similarly to Beowulf, Achilles, and Hector, Gilgamesh was very strong and very brave, like a typical hero. He is on a quest to be the ultimate hero and achieve everlasting life. Gilgamesh has fought and won battles against several infamous monsters: Humbaba, the Bull of Heaven, and a pack of vicious lions. However, even though Gilgamesh was very brave and strong, he was not a good king to his people. He put his own interests before theirs and ruled with a cruel iron fist, as well as being obsessed with his own legacy. In conclusion, the heroic code was a set of beliefs and values that guided warriors to make the tough decisions that they would undoubtedly beShow MoreRelated The Heroic Code Essay503 Words   |  3 Pages The Heroic Code Often, epic heroes can be characterized the same way. They are portrayed as superhuman beings, possessing strength, physical beauty, and intelligence. These heroes aspired to live by a heroic code that would ensure immortality by keeping their memory alive in the people. Homers The Iliad shows how the heroic code was ingrained in ancient Greek warriors. In many cases, the Greeks put this code of honor above their own lives. During a battle, Glaukos, a Trojan, and DiomedesRead MoreThe Heroic Code Of Sir Gawain841 Words   |  4 Pageshis journey that forced him to stay true to his Heroic Code. The principles that Sir Gawain demonstrated in the pursuit of the Green Knight are respecting women, service to the king with bravery, honor, and faith, and staying committed to his religious practices. Sir Gawain kept these guidelines true to his heart throughout his expedition to defeat the Green Knight and to defend the honor of King Arthur’s round table. A major example of the heroic code that Sir Gawain demonstrated is honoring KingRead MoreThe Heroic Code Of Honor For A Hero1228 Words   |  5 PagesWarriors of ancient Greece were considered heroes by following the Heroic Code of excellence. They achieved this by acquiring a kleos; establishing fame, glory and a positive reputation. It was not an easy task to become a Grecian hero. Building and maintaining kleos meant that a warrior must be brave and strong, be â€Å"a speaker of words and a doer of deeds.† The solider had to protect his friends and harm his enemies, respect the gods and his elders, and most of all value his honor over his life.Read MoreThe Heroic Code Of The Epic Of Beowulf Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesAs we have learned, one of the most important features of the heroic code common among ancient epics is the preservation of the hero’s legacy. In Beowulf, a very large portion of the story narrates Beowulf’s accumulation of wealth, power, an d most importantly fame through martial prowess and peerless leadership. This accumulation of glory in battle is crucial if the hero wishes to ensure that his name and legacy live on after he dies. This abruptly brings me to my main focus: Wiglaf. I believe Wiglaf’sRead MoreThe True Hero : Exploring Heroic Code1308 Words   |  6 Pages The True Hero: Exploring Heroic Code in Germanic Society In the great epic Beowulf, the reader is able to delve into the Anglo-Saxon world and grow familiar with the heroic code. As a story passed from mouth to mouth as generations came and went, Beowulf still stands as one of the greatest heroic epics. The story teaches the reader a great deal about the time when it was written. In a world so heavily influenced by the perfect hero, the Anglo-Saxon people were able to look onto Beowulf as a sourceRead MoreThe Heroic Code Of Homer s Iliad1208 Words   |  5 Pages Homer’s Iliad depicts a tale of war that focuses on various human-centered themes that focus on describing the kind of people that ought to strive to become. This is characterized by the heroic code, which is the ultimate desire of each hero in the epic poem. The heroic code, according to Homer, focuses on the simple premise of a hero achieving honor, which is also understood to be peer-received esteem. Homer depicts this important value as what most humans would seek to a chieve, because this importantRead MoreEssay about Heroic Code in the Iliad and the Odyssey979 Words   |  4 PagesHeroic Code in the Iliad and the Odyssey In Websters Dictionary, a hero is defined as a person noted for courageous acts or nobility of purpose, especially if this individual has risked or sacrificed his life. In the Iliad and the Odyssey, the code which administers the conduct of the Homeric heroes is a straightforward idea. The aim of every hero is to achieve honor. Throughout the Iliad and the Odyssey, different characters take on the role of a hero. Honor is essential to the HomericRead MoreBeowulf And The Germanic Heroic Code Of Values, Traditions, And Customs1522 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Germanic Heroic Code in Beowulf are revealed throughout the epic poem as important aspects of the Anglo-Saxon culture as a whole. The Germanic warrior society had an unspoken code – a list of rules that warriors and kings alike must uphold. The main aspects of this code for warriors were strength, courage, loyalty and honour; and for kings were loyalty to his warriors, generosity and a sense of responsibility. The character of Beowulf represents both sides of this Code very well. HrothgarRead MoreThe Germanic Heroic Code in Caedmons Hymn, The Dream of the Rood, and Beowulf539 Words   |  2 Pages Texts such as Caedmons Hymn, The Dream of the Rood and Beowulf have been inspired from the Germanic code of the warrior and from Christian passages and it is likely for people today to relate to these two sources when coming across these respective texts today. The Germanic heroic code has been a major influence when considering Beowulf and the fact that the poem emphasizes the importance of values like courage, loyalty, generosity. Similarly, Caedmons Hymn is probably one of the mostRead MoreThe Iliad: Literary Analysis1552 Words   |  7 Pagesvalor. The heroic code was a strict morality that dealt with matters relating to honor and integrity in battle. Seeing as the code was focused around honor during war, it was taken very seriously by the Greeks of Homer’s time, since honor was essential to Homer’s heroes. One hero in The Iliad best represented the heroic code through his actions and his mentality; this character is â€Å"swift-footed† Achilles, though Hec tor could also be considered as the man that is the epitome of the heroic code. It could

Marketing Changes Your Brain Free Essays

The reason why I chose the topic for my final paper â€Å"Marketing Changes Your Brain† is because we are constantly surrounded by advertisements on a daily basis to where the government is basically brain washing us from birth to be consumers in this capitalistic society. Also this topic reminds me of one of my favorite professors, Dry. Choc who teaches Sociology at San Diego State University. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Changes Your Brain or any similar topic only for you Order Now His lectures were always life changing, and I could tell in the conviction of his voice that he is strongly assassinate about his profession and loves teaching undergrads. One of the main topics of the semester was about consumerism and how it affects us every single day. Statistics show that the average American will come across 5000 different types of advertisements a day (Lecture, Choc). There are millions of ways we come in contact through ads these days including, commercials, posters, covers on food, and etc. What I basically learned in this class was that we should be more aware of what it meaner to be consumers of Capitalism and to realize how much we have been exploited to be constant consumers. The reason many of us fall for advertisements we see is because many of these companies purposely make their commercials activate a part of the brain’s reward/pleasure center. The pleasure center is made up of nucleus acumen’s and ventral testament area which the brain receives dopamine (Plotting, Summoning). This reward/pleasure is closely associated when individuals do pleasurable things such eating favorite foods, watching movies, sex, and drugs (Plotting, Summoning). In the module 9 critical thinking, the article explains how the consumption Coca Cola will activate the reward/pleasure center which is another example of why many Americans are addicted to it. It is ironic that Americans in recently years have put so Running head Much money into preventing obesity and childhood obesity yet our government doesn’t put any effort into reducing the number of ads we see from these soda companies. Another interesting point that the critical thinking article shows is how smell and auditory senses also have to do with marketing and how we consciously don’t even realize it. I can relate myself as when I’m near In-n-Out burger and I can smell the burgers and suddenly want a craving for it. The textbook calls this Subliminal Message where it meaner that our perception is below an absolute threshold where there is less than 50% of it being realized (Plotting, Summoning). Another subliminal message can also be auditory as the text book gives an example of how playing French music will result in people purchasing more French Wine. Subliminal messages can be seen at every store at the mall, such as Hollister. Walk into a Hollister and you will notice how it Just smells like a concreted perfume pit and the ambient lights. However the greatest influences to our brains is culture, another point which Dry. Choc has always brought up in lectures. Advertisement have been a dominant influence in our culture and it is unfortunate that many Americans do not even realize how much our brain is being influenced. Not even Just as adults, advertisements can capture someone at any age. Despite these, I urge many people to make more wiser choices such eating balanced, How to cite Marketing Changes Your Brain, Papers

Of Mice And Men

Of Mice And Men-Rough Draft Essay In the book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, there are many instances of foreshadowing. While they may not be noticed at first, they stick out like a sore thumb in the end. The main characters in the book are Lennie, a huge man with the mind of a young child, and George, a small man who had landed them a job on a ranch. Lennie is a man who doesnt think for himself, and relies on George for guidance. They travel together, forever chasing the dream of getting a piece of land to call their own. The ranch job would get them closer to buying their own little corner of the world. One major example was when Lennie got in a fight with Curley. Come on, ya big bastard. Get up on your feet. He slashed at Lennie.(p. 62) Candy warned George and Lennie when they first came to the ranch. Curley is like a lot of little guys. He hates big guys. Kind of like hes mad at em because he aint a big guy. (p. 26) This foreshadows that Curley will fight Lennie at some point later on. Curleys gonna wanna shoot im. Hes still mad about his hand.(p.97) Curley had been waiting for revenge on Lennie since their fight. Another example of foreshadowing is George confiding in Slim why he and Lennie were forced to leave Weed, a small Californian town. He seen this girl in a red dress. Just wants to feel it. So he reaches out to feel this dress, and the girl lets out a squawk, and he holds on. The guys in Weed start a party out to lynch Lennie.'(p.41) Curleys wife and Lennie were talking and the subject of feeling soft things came up. She asked him to feel her hair, because it was so soft. She feared he would mess it up, so she jerked her head sideways, and Lennies fingers closed on her hair and held on. Let go! she cries he shook her, and her body flopped like a fish, for Lennie had broken her neck.(p.91) He ran away after this and was pursued by the workers. A third event in the novel presents Candy, the swamper, having his old, outcast, useless dog shot right back of the head. He wouldnt feel nothing. (p.45) This foreshadows the later incident when Lennie was killed, reluctantly, by George. George raised the gun and steadied it, and he brought the muzzle close to the back of Lennies head he pulled the trigger. (p. 106) The shootings of the dog and Lennie were both painless, and happened because they were unavoidable. The dog and Lennie both had no life ahead of them. Lennie would have been imprisoned, and the dog was a major burden to himself and others. In conclusion, I believe that these fores adowings play a big role in helping the reader understand the novel. They allow the reader to predict character reactions to events, thus helping them to enjoy and understand the novel. Book Reports .

Sunk Cost free essay sample

In economics and business decision-making, sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be incurred or changed if an action is taken. Both retrospective and prospective costs may be either fixed (continuous for as long as the business is in operation and unaffected by output volume) or variable (dependent on volume) costs. Note, however, that many economists consider it a mistake to classify sunk costs as fixed or variable. For example, if a firm sinks $1 million on an enterprise software installation, that cost is sunk because it was a one-time thing and cannot be recovered once expended. A fixed cost would be monthly payments made as part of a service contract or licensing deal with the company that set up the software. The upfront irretrievable payment for the installation should not be deemed a fixed cost, with its cost spread out over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunk Cost or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sunk costs should be kept separate. The variable costs for this project might include data centre power usage, etc. In traditional microeconomic theory, only prospective (future) costs are relevant to an investment decision. Traditional economics proposes that economic actors should not let sunk costs influence their decisions. Doing so would not be rationally assessing a decision exclusively on its own merits. Alternatively, a decision-maker might make rational decisions according to their own incentives, outside of efficiency or profitability. This is considered to be an incentive problem and is distinct from a sunk cost problem. Evidence from behavioral economics suggests this theory fails to predict real-world behavior. Sunk costs do, in fact, influence actors decisions because humans are prone to loss aversion and framing effects. In light of such cognitive quirks, it is unsurprising that people frequently fail to behave in ways that economists deem rational. Sunk costs should not affect the rational decision-makers best choice. However, until a decision-maker irreversibly commits resources, the prospective cost is an avoidable future cost and is properly included in any decision-making processes. For example, if one is considering preordering movie tickets, but has not actually purchased them yet, the cost remains avoidable.

Georgia OKeefe essays

Georgia O'Keefe essays Precisionist, is the term most widely used to describe Georgia OKeeffes work. OKeeffes great clarity in painting is what identifies her well-known paintings of urban architecture, mountains, bones, and flowers. The simple, clear forms in her masterpieces made her a pioneer of a new modernism in the USA. Although OKeeffe used her subject matter representationaly, the starkly linear quality, the thin, clear coloring, and boldly patterned compositions, give the effect of an abstract design. OKeeffe tried to offer a sense of tranquility and an appreciation of nature in her paintings. That was in the 1920s, and everything was going so fast. Nobody had time to reflect...I decided to paint a huge flower in all its beauty. If you could paint the flower on a huge scale then you could not ignore its beauty, commented OKeeffe. I personally think that OKeeffe was an artistic genius. She created a new way to look at objects which we take for granted, and paved the way for many women arti sts. Georgia OKeeffe was born in 1887, as the second of seven children, on a farm in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. After being given art lessons at home as a child her artistic talent was discovered and later studied at the Art Institute of Chicago and at the Art Student League in New York. While OKeeffe was at school she was taught to mimic the styles of realism but soon realized she could never achieve distinction working within this tradition. After taking a suggestion from Wesley Dow, an artist and art educator at Teachers College, she started creating art again, this time as an attempt to discover a personal language through which she could express her own feelings and ideas. OKeeffe began a series of abstract charcoal drawings and sent them to a past classmate of hers, Alfred Stiegl ...

How to Generate a Steady Income as a Writer for Corporate Clients

How to Generate a Steady Income as a Writer for Corporate Clients Ever wish there was some way you could earn an income you can depend on from your writing? Enter the corporate client and the retainer agreement. Corporations often have a huge need for regular writers, especially those with a strong online presence. They need fresh content for their website, blog and newsletters. Rebecca Matter, President of American Writers Artists Inc (AWAI) advises writers to use retainers, and so does copywriter Angela Booth and content marketer Trent Dyrsmid. A retainer is a sum of money a company agrees to pay a writer a certain sum of money for an agreed upon amount of work. It is a win-win situation for both parties. Companies are guaranteed quality writing from a dependable source and writers can rest easy knowing they have steady money coming in every month. Ready markets for retainers Retainers are most suitable where there is a need for regular writing. Blogs need to be updated frequently. and many companies send out weekly newsletters to their clients. Businesses that want to rank well in Google need create fresh content. When writing for these companies, you must thoroughly research the industry and capture the voice of the business. How to find clients Start Another way to find clients is to search job boards like http://jobs.problogger.net/ and bloggingpro.com/jobs/ . You can also optimize your Linkedin profile, as companies also use the network to find freelance writers. Get prospects to say yes to a retainer When pitching a retainer deal, remember that clients expect a price break. Be sure to point out that How to price your services for success Prices should reflect not only the time you spend on the client but also the time you save not looking for other clients and getting to know their needs. You also need to consider what the rate would be if each task youll be performing were contracted separately and what savings to offer the client. Most importantly, decide on the minimum fee that would make the deal worthwhile for you and keep this in mind when negotiating. Protect yourself Avoid misunderstandings The amount and date of payment The amount and type of writing Invoicing procedures How each party can terminate the agreement For new clients, you should also request 50 percent upfront for the first month and include a date when the agreement will be reviewed. It is possible to earn consistent money writing for corporations. Focus on businesses with high volume writing needs, and hook them with a retainer agreement.

Yvain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Yvain - Essay Example Yvain or the Knight with the Lion tells of Yvain, a knight in King Arthur’s court, whose adventures are initially kicked off by his desire to prove his bravery in the eyes of his fellow knights. Chivalry and courtly love are the two elements underpinning and moving the story, which is set in the medieval period of the famed fictional Arthurian era. Moreover, Chretien de Troyes’ tale highlights the importance of good reputation in the medieval period among knights and how reputation is equated to acts of chivalry and bravery especially for the benefit of the helpless like women. In Yvain or the Knight with the Lion, the reader is apprised of how a knight’s reputation is made, kept and lost. Apparently, reputation for chivalry, honor and bravery is the all-most important consideration by which each knight lives by. The story’s main character Yvain is a proud man who is impelled to rush and defend his honor from a disparaging remark, obviously made in jest and presumably after several bottles of wine, insinuating inability to make good his words. The challenge, to which he rises started when his cousin Calogrenant told a group of knights that he had been defeated by a knight after he had stirred a storm-brewing magical basin at the edge of a forest. This made Yvain censure his cousin for keeping this from him for so long and promptly vowed to avenge his shame by killing the knight himself. Kay, another knight, mocks Yvain’s pronouncement insinuating that he is merely heady with wine. Stung by the remark, Yvain secretly left for the place mentioned by Calogrenant even when King Arthur himself has scheduled a date to see the place himself (de Troyes Vv 1-746). It is evident from the initial events of the tale that reputation is very important to medieval knights. Yvain’s decision to scurry secretly even to the point of

Midwifery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Midwifery - Essay Example The NHS Modernization Agency, which was just recently superseded by NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement, was established to facilitate the modernization of health services and the improvement of the patients' experiences and outcomes of health care. With the establishment of the Agency was of course the establishment of specific themes, which in turn, were targeted towards NHS' goals (NHS, 2006). The establishment of such themes is expected to make an impact in everything which are affiliated with health care, most specifically the patients and the workers. The midwives, being medical practitioners themselves are affected by these themes both in positive and negative ways (NHS, 2006). One of the themes emphasized in by the NHS Modernisation Agency was that about the Workforce. Based on this theme, the attempt to modernize the Health Care system would entail the effective use of staff, the attraction of staff and the retention and development of staff. Under the effective use of staff, it is important for the Health Care system to meet the changing demands imposed by the erratic nature of the field by achieving a balance between the workers' skills and service demands (NHS, 2006). According to NHS (2006), to achieve the balance, flexibility and skills are necessary in their workforce. These requirements put the status of midwives in both the advantaged and disadvantaged. As the role of midwives is concentrated on child delivery concerns, this puts them in the advantageous position as well as gives them specialization in which aspect of health care, they are supposedly the only ones sought after. If "balance," is more a function of skill than flexibility, then the power to handle delivery becomes exclusive only to physicians, midwives, and no one else's'. However, the opposite is true otherwise. Flexibility entails the knowledge, experience, trust and ability to perform and be responsible to do more than a single duty. It is not enough that a person has the knowledge and ability to perform duties. It is necessary that the person has the experience and has the legal responsibility for possible miscalculations. This is what is lacking in the midwife profession. If only "balance" is a matter of specialization, knowledge and ability, midwives could be having the advantage over other health care professionals. But since "balance" is also a matter of flexibility, then other health care professionals, specifically, the nurses are gaining the upper hand. Nurses, as it is known, can do assessment, prescription, as well as handling of child delivery, all within the scope of their licenses. Midwives cannot prescribe. They could only handle child delivery, the women's and children's health after birth. In other words, nurses can always act as midwives while midwives cannot act as nurses. The Workforce theme of the NHS modernization promotes independence, competition and thus, improved service given by the health care workers. This is a result of the development of appraisal and performance structure in hospitals based on standards. The results of such appraisals could then be used as basis for matching competencies with specific roles within the framework of the institution. This brings back the subject on specialization. The matching of competencies would be useless without any

Chocolate History Essay Example for Free

Chocolate History Essay All chocolate starts with a seed called a cocoa bean that is grown on a small tree. Many countries in Central and South America produce cocoa beans. The history of chocolate starts in Latin America, where the cocoa bean was first discovered about 2,000 years ago on a tropical tree. The first people recognized to have used these beans to make any kind of chocolate were the Maya’s. They called it the kakawa bean, which is where the origin of the world chocolate began. They most often used the bean to make a spicy, foamy drink. Later, the Aztecs discovered the cocoa bean. Eventually this was introduced in Europe after the Spaniards came to Central America. When the Spaniards began experimenting with the bean, they began to add other spices to it, such as cinnamon and sugar, to give the chocolate a sweeter taste. Soon, the rest of Europe started drinking it and it became a popular drink that only the rich could afford. In the 1600’s the first chocolate house was opened and this flavor was able to reach the mouths of many other people. In the early 1800’s, solid chocolate was created. It became more affordable to everyone and throughout time more recipes were experimented with, creating many different types of chocolate. There are many different types of chocolate such as White, Dark (bittersweet), Milk, Semi-Sweet and even Baking Chocolate (unsweetened). White chocolate isnt really considered chocolate because it has no cocoa solids in it, it is made of the fat from the cocoa beans known as cocoa butter. White chocolate has a creamy consistency and taste. It lacks flavor because it contains no chocolate liquor which gives chocolate the bitter strong chocolate flavor. White chocolate is not normally used in cooking unless it is a replacement for dark or milk chocolate. It is used mainly for decorating. Dark chocolate is the healthiest type of chocolate. This chocolate contains a large amount of disease-fighting flavonoids, anti-oxidants also found in red wine and lots of different fruit and vegetables. Its anti-oxidants can significantly improve blood pressure, prevent blood clots, slow the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol making it less likely to stick to artery walls and also reduce inflammation. Eating dark chocolate can also lower insulin resistance, the main problem behind diabetes. Milk chocolate does not contain as much chocolate liquor as dark chocolate, which gives it a softer chocolate flavor. This chocolate is much sweeter than any other. It is the most popular type of chocolate. Milk chocolate is more difficult to temper properly and more prone to overheating which would make it thick and lumpy if it comes into contact with water. Milk chocolate can be used in pretty much anything you want to be sweet. The difference between regular chocolate and baking chocolate is baking chocolate has less sugar and no fat and its bitter while regular chocolate is sweet and sugary. Tempering means improving the consistency, durability or hardness of a substance by heating and cooling it. Tempering is done by melting solid chocolate to a temperature high enough that the crystals in the cocoa butter break down. Once the chocolate is fully melted, it must be cooled to about 82F, a temperature at which crystals will start to form again so that the chocolate can eventually re-solidify. The chocolate’s temperature is then raised back to about 90F, where it is very smooth and can be poured into chocolate molds and used for other things. White, milk and dark chocolate can be tempered. Tempered chocolate is very glossy, has a firm finish and melts smoothly at around body temperature. Chocolate that has not been tempered or that has been improperly tempered will look flat or discolored. Tempering can be done in 2 ways by hand, or through a process called seeding. Tempering by hand can be done by tabliering where melted chocolate is poured onto a cool marble surface and worked with spatulas until it has cooled down sufficiently. More melted chocolate is added back and incorporated in to the tabliered chocolate to bring it back to the final working temperature. Through the process of seeding, chocolate is melted and a small amount of finely chopped solid chocolate is added into the melted chocolate and stirred in. Adding solid chocolate will lower the temperature of the melted chocolate and it will start to temper the melted chocolate. When it comes to baking, chocolate does not need to be tempered because it is being incorporated into another form. Tempering chocolate is good for dipping foods, for a more clean finish.

ford motor company :: essays research papers

FORD and e-STEEL Enter Into Multi-Year e-Commerce Agreement Automotive Leader to Use Leading Online Steel Exchange to e-Enable Major Web-based, Global Value Chain Purchasing Initiative Dearborn, Mich., and New York, NY — Business Wire — May 17, 2000 — Ford Motor Company (NYSE: F), and e-STEEL Corporation, the leading negotiation-based e-Commerce exchange for the global steel industry, today announced an initiative to e-enable complex procurement programs with the automaker's global Tier 1 suppliers. This relationship includes an equity incentive program that will earn the carmaker a minority equity stake in e-STEEL. Ford selected e-STEEL (www.e-steel.com) to provide the steel-specific knowledge and functionality required to rapidly launch a steel e-Commerce procurement system to maximize efficiency and operational savings. Approximately 4-5 million tons of steel and steel-related products will be purchased via e-STEEL for metal stamping suppliers over the course of this contract. The scope of the alliance covers the automaker's steel order fulfillment processing, claims, financial controls, and audit reporting throughout its global manufacturing and assembly operations. "Ford Motor Company has confidence in e-STEEL's ability to deliver this Internet-based solution across its entire Tier 1 steel and metal stamping value chain, both in North America and Europe, within the next few months," said Andrew Hinkly, Director, Raw Material Purchasing, Ford Motor Company. "We selected e-STEEL as our partner due to their expertise in steel procurement systems, their efficient e-business tools such as STEELDIRECTâ„ ¢, and their existing broad coverage of our steel supply base," added Hinkly. "These inherent strengths, and their results-driven management team, will lead to a successful implementation of this program." "The mutual focus of the Ford/e-STEEL alliance is that value is job 1, " said e-STEEL Founder, Chairman, and CEO Michael S. Levin. "Our ValueTrackâ„ ¢ process and speed-to-solutions approach will accelerate Ford and its suppliers' ability to realize substantial operational savings from this program. We are thrilled that Ford Motor Company, which is one of the most innovative global companies, selected e-STEEL for this important initiative." TOP The automaker expects the members of its steel supply chain to realize cost benefits from efficiencies gained by participating in this program. Ford anticipates the volumes of steel transacted through the program to grow significantly during the next 12 months. At present, the Ford/e-STEEL alliance is limited in scope to this program for Ford's purchases, and the millions of tons of steel products a year. In addition to this alliance, e-STEEL recently announced that it also secured strong strategic alliances with three of Ford's major steel suppliers, and recent Ford World Excellence Award winners, U.

Philosophical Views Comparison Essay

The ancient Greek philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates believed in human learning and reasoning. He enforced humans to understand their limits to reason with themselves about their actions. Aristotle was born in third century B. C.. He believed in Purity of Soul achieved by our daily actions and habits. Plato’s main work is written in the form of dialogues with Socrates. However, his work with laws or rules does not involve Socrates or has a very small part of him given in them. Let us study different spheres of their work below. Methods of Acquiring Knowledge : Aristotle – His ways of acquiring knowledge involves both induction and deduction. Aristotle believed in the provision to reason alone with oneself. He gave much more emphasis and value to the knowledge gained by senses. He believed in knowledge gained by experiences as they put us in a dilemma to think about our situations and actions. Socrates – He has divided his education theory in five basic parts – I. Theory of Value – What is worth learning? What are the goals? II. Theory of Knowledge – What is the real meaning of Knowledge? How is it different from beliefs? III. Theory of Human Nature – What is a Human Being? How is it different from other species? What are his limits? IV. Theory of Learning – What is the meaning of learning? How are skills and knowledge acquired? V. Theory of Transmission – Who is to be taught? What is the curriculum going to be? Plato – He worked on a basic structure formation for acquiring knowledge. The first way is to acquire knowledge through senses and experiences. Then, the second is to reason the knowledge acquired by experiences. Then to acquire ‘true knowledge’ by reasoning to oneself in an ethical way. Aristotle, being a student of Plato gave much more value to the education gained though senses and experiences. While Socrates developed a learning theory to understand the basic structure of education and its importance. Important of Thinking – Aristotle believed in rationalizing our thoughts in an ethical way to learn to follow ethics in our daily lives in our habits. He pursed thinking and reasoning to acquire real knowledge based upon the metaphysical truths and laws. Socrates emphasized on understanding human behavior on the basis of their actions. He explained in his theories that we do not tend to do evil, if we are aware of its evil nature. He worked on understanding and directing his studies to help us reason our behavior with logical reasoning. Plato gave his theories in the form of dialogues explain the importance of logical thinking and reasoning to oneself. He gave various situations in his dialogues to explain how to logic and reason to ourselves alone to understand the higher truths. Existence – Aristotle believe in existence in terms of its essentiality. He believe of being a ’qua being’ or ’wisdom’ or ’theology. His Metaphysical conclusion over existence is for any identity to exist is directly related to its essentiality (Cohen, S. Marc. , 1978a. 31: 387-405). Socrates taught that this real subject world is neither to generate or decay. It is to be in existent as it has been. Plato defined existence in two different forms. One is what we can see in the form of its appearance, and the other form is what we cant see. Key Ideas of Aristotle – 1. Perfection is not an act, but a habit. According to Aristotle, we adopt our habits by doing the same act over and over again. If we are practicing bad habits, we will bring them in our life as habits and vica-versa. He said that it is important to practice what is right to create a habit of doing right in our lives. 2. Importance of Education. He was aware of changes that be brought by us in our lives by education. Hence, he used to tell others to spend time reading and learning about life and its rules. 3. Education Creates Wisdom in personality – Aristotle said that a layman hearing a concept for the first time would create an opinion of his own reasons with the concept itself, while an educated person would listen and work the concept in his mind first to understand its deeper meaning. Education makes a person wise enough to think more than to argue more over a concept or topic. 4. Thoughts Create Things – Even if we are not aware of the fact that our negative habits are also manifesting something in our lives, they do as we are thinking them over and over. Key Ideas of Socrates – 1. No one desires Evil as a primary desire. Socrates believed that evil is a force that becomes a desire due to several reasons. Its is important for a human being to renationalize his thoughts and desires to move towards good deeds only. 2. No one does wrong willingly – Socrates gave this idea describing that when people are involved in evil, they are not aware of it. They take their steps believing it is a part of life. At times, they are even proud of what they do even when it is evil. 3. All virtue is knowledge – Socrates was aware of the divine weight of education as well. Education is like a cure for the soul from suffering evil desires. He promoted education in people to understand the ‘right’ and ‘wrong’, as they are given in the universe, not to form their own beliefs. 4. Virtue is all that is required for true happiness – He believed in the purity of soul and education is the only way to keep our soul flawlessly pure. He taught that it is not necessary to discuss your thoughts with other people only. The real capability is to rationalize our own thoughts to conclude the righteous. Education can help the best in this rational practice. It is can purify our thoughts and give us the real and pure ideas to live. Key Ideas of Plato – 1. The Weak fights for Equality – Plato states in his philosophies that strong does not fight for his level in the society. He just asks for what he wants and achieves it, while a weak uses the Law to fight for equality. 2. No one willing does wrong – Plato focuses on the theory of saving our characters from the controllers of the society. 3. Education – He has also given deep philosophical notes over importance of education. He states that education is the way to be logical and rational in our actions. We will find similarities in their very basic philosophical beliefs, for example, Education is the most emphasized area of their philosophical teaching. Each of them has written about importance of education in one’s life and how it leads to pure happiness of soul. However, we will also find certain clear differences among their work. Plato was focused for laws and rules about society. While Aristotle devoted his life to understand human and to guide them towards righteous actions purification of soul. Socrates has given remarkable theories in understanding core human nature and reasons for their actions. References – Bostock, D. , 1994. Aristotle: Metaphysics Books ? and ?. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Cohen, S. Marc. , 1978a. â€Å"Essentialism in Aristotle. † Review of Metaphysics 31: 387-405.

Management proposal

Abstract The present paper is based on a case study of Top Travel. Inconsistent manager practices in selecting travel clerks and trainees are described. Furthermore, the paper includes a section in which a relevant strategy to improve the selection process is recommended. A job description for the position of a HR manager is included. Finally, the paper focuses on a person specification for this management position. Introduction This paper is based on a case study of Top Travel, with focus on inconsistent practices in the selection of travel clerks and trainees. It has been reported that store managers have made mistakes while recruiting potential employees. Therefore, a specific strategy is outlined to improve the selection process. Other aspects discussed in the paper include a job description for the position of a HR manager and a person specification for this position. Inconsistent Success in Selecting Travel Clerks and Trainees One of the likely reasons why Top Travel’s store managers are not consistently successful in selecting suitable travel clerks and trainees is that managers failed to give candidates prior notice and areas to research and focus on. As a result, store managers were unsuccessful in focusing on important aspects, such as accurate determination of candidates’ skills and information on corporate culture and the job position (Mathis and Jackson, 2010). Another reason for the inconsistent success in selecting travel clerks and trainees refers to the lack of formal interview training of store managers. The organisation has not emphasised strategic planning into improving the interviewing process. There was not a sufficient plan of interviewing that had been created in advance. In addition, store managers failed to assess culture fit of candidates within the company (Patterson et al., 2011). The inconsistency of employee selection at Top Travel could be also explained with the fa ct that managers extensively focused on job skills and experience rather than evaluation of candidates’ personality. The ability to differentiate critical job skills was not consistently present during the employee selection process at Top Travel. A Strategy for Improving the Selection Process Based on the issues that have been identified, it is important to recommend a strategy for improving the selection process, for both travel clerks and trainees. Giving candidates prior notice and areas to research is essential because it enables store managers with an opportunity to focus on relevant aspects of the selection process (Mathis and Jackson, 2010). One of the most important issues is to determine candidates’ fit within Top Travel’s culture. Managers should provide an adequate description of the company, including background information, tendencies and trends pertaining to its corporate culture as well as expectations of the job position (Patterson et al., 2011). The organisation should consider the use of competent and qualified interviewers who understand the specificity and structure of the interviewing process. Interviewers should meet in advance and prepare a relevant plan to follow during the interview. It is recommended to assign different responsibilities to different professionals (Brewster et al., 2011). For instance, one person would be responsible for specific types of questions asked during the interview, while another person would be in charge of assessing of candidates’ credentials. Even though store managers at Top Travel have declared their accurate instinct at spotting the right people, there should be emphasis on the evaluation of applicants’ personality. The company needs diverse individuals with diverse personalities to deal with the evolving needs of travel customers (Patterson et al., 2011). Managers should also focus on differentiating one candidate from another. The consistent use of testing and discussi on is a relevant part of the strategy to differentiate the critical job skills that managers expect to see in candidates. Finally, it is important to take the time in creating a small candidate pool with several individuals who meet the needs of Top Travel (Brewster et al., 2011). It may be necessary to reopen the search for employees in case the right people with adequate skills and experience are not settled. Job Description for HR Manager The position of a HR manager requires that the manager should develop policy and regularly participate in the adequate coordination of human resources processes in the organisation. Important responsibilities of a HR manager include employment issues, compensation, maintaining labour relations, benefits, providing employee training opportunities and services (Bareham, 2012). One of the essential duties of a HR manager is to analyse salary trends in the company as well as determine competitive compensation plans. This professional is directly responsible for the creation of suitable policy within the organisation, with focus on ensuring equal employment opportunities and employee benefits (Cushway, 2008). Different policies, regulations and reporting mechanisms should be maintained properly in order to ensure adequate compliance with standards in the field. In addition, a HR manager is expected to evaluate industry trends that could help the organisation grow in the future (Patterson et al., 2011). Furthermore, a HR manager screens and recruits employees when there is a need to fill vacant positions in the organisation (Cushway, 2008). New employee orientation is adequately planned by the manager in an attempt to ensure positive attitude towards the company’s culture and goals. A HR manager should complete reports and recommend procedures that could lead to the decrease or elimination of absenteeism and turnover in the organisation (Bareham, 2012). This professional is also responsible for contracting with outside suppliers to provide appropriate employee services and relocation services. A Person Specification for the HR Position The HR position includes key competencies, such as degree or equivalent, evidence of professional development, extensive contribution to organisational change, experience in delivering reliable HR practices, and experience in developing HR policies (Brewster et al., 2011). Having a professional qualification in the field along with evidence of professional development is a necessary component of screening candidates’ education and training capacity. Focus on organisational change is important considering the fast pace in which modern organisations develop (Bareham, 2012). In addition, a HR manager should demonstrate an extensive experience in the HR field, which would serve as a strong basis for developing successful practices in the organisation. Conclusion The paper discussed inconsistencies in the employee selection process at Top Travel. Store managers demonstrated practices that did not lead to the selection of the right people. Therefore, the paper included important sections on recommending a strategy to improve the selection process along with details on a job description for the position of a HR manager and a person specification for this position. References Bareham, S. (2012). HR in a Nutshell: Making Good Managers Great! Birmingham: Summa Publishing. Brewster, C., Sparrow, P., Vernon, G. and Houldsworth, E. (2011). International Human Resource Management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Cushway, B. (2008). The Handbook of Model Job Descriptions. New York: Kogan Page. Mathis, R. L. and Jackson, J. H. (2010). Human Resource Management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Patterson, K., Grenny, J., McMillan, R. and Switzler, A. (2011). Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Royal Automotive Management

Royal Automotive Management Introduction Royal Automotive (RA) deals in new and used cars. The company management strives to make buying a used car a simple process. RA has been in business since the year 2006. During this period, the company management has created a reputation of perfection and quality in its operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Automotive Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the key areas the company focuses on is the customer’s satisfaction and experience. RA has repeat businesses and referrals of up to 40 per cent. The company is running a lean operation with no large, fancy showroom for its exhibitions. This approach enables RA to cut down on costs and maximize on returns. The focus on customers enables the company to turn its strategy into a partnership with financial institutions. RA has specialized in finding credit opportunities with financial institutions such as Bank of Denver and Ch ase. The company claims to get customers loan requests approved in writing within 5 minutes. Further, the company is a Credit Union member, which makes its credit requests easily approved. RA gives customers the comfort of handling their credit needs with or without references to their credit history. The key for success of RA is its ability to learn and change continuously in its environment of operations. We can assert that the RA management team has been able to adopt approaches of a learning organization that is capable of continuously transforming itself in order to meet the challenges of change, and customers’ requirements. Supply chain and inventory management The emergence of mass production of cars led to the rise of used car dealers. RA has various ranges of models from different car dealers. Therefore, the management of supply chain and inventory occupies a significant part of the company’s operations. These can only work through a complementary management a pproach whereby the company implements changes involving systematizing and stabilizing practices of management, and focus on employment relationships.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theories and ideas of hierarchies, new work patterns and division of labor particular with emphasis on measurements of outputs, supervision and rewards have been part of the classical approach in an organizational design and management. These ideas emanated from scholars like Fredrick Taylor, Henri Fayol and Max Weber. American automotive industry quickly incorporated these ideas and theories, particularly Ford Motors into its management practices. Management of supply chain grants some elements of security to RA suppliers and customers. The company meets the buyer’s specifications levels of quality and performance. These factors have created confidence in customers about AR ’s commitment to improve in managing the supply of used cars. From the point of view of customers’ management practices in RA, it seems that the customer assumes a dominant role in the relationship and can influence the supply with regard to performance, quality, monitoring, delivering and pricing of used cars in RA. In this way, RA becomes an open-learning organization in terms of managing its stocks and supplies. This emerges from the way the company gets, interprets and acts on information from its customers. Therefore, RA cannot assume that the future supply management will rely on past experiences and consumer behavior. The ability to identify the market and financial changes among consumers and act on the opportunity is the key to supply and stock management in RA. RA must demonstrate to its staff why adapting to changes every day is necessary as the management faces different customers with divergence needs. The company supplies of best selections of used cars m ust be guided by the clients’ specifications and financials positions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Automotive Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More RA has no choice but to fit its supplies to meet the needs of its clients. RA must be ready to adapt to evolution and revolution at every stage of its operations in order to survive. Customer management We can attribute the success of RA to its two distinct core values. The RA customer service and handling financial needs of its customers has created repeat and referral businesses for the company of up to 40 per cent. This has created a culture of exception customer service and experience management, promoting innovation and fostering cooperation. The company has a commitment to make an effort and resolve all customers’ complaints. Royal Automotive has the management practice of lean operation. It has no large showroom rather it focuses on c ustomers’ satisfaction. This has enabled it to practice continuous improvement in its core operations. This has been the pillar of operation and foundation which RA has become successful. In understanding change in an outside environment and customers’ requirements, the senior management has been able to communicate this to the organization. These strategies emerge from customers’ feedbacks, individual contributions and team efforts. The company seems to have adopted a dominant management strategy that encourages individuals and team to challenge established norm through customers’ feedbacks. In this regard, RA seems to promote individual learning and involvement in the organization so that its representatives are ready to meet new challenges (Nieuwenhuis and Wells 55). Royal Automotive seems to command the retail market for used cars in Denver. It is from retail segment that the company makes most of its sales and profits. The company knows that not all retailer customers are the same. Therefore, it has stocked various ranges of used cars from various manufacturers. The company has both serious buyers and serious shoppers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The serious buyer is a customer who needs a car within a short time frame. This customer looks for value and price. More often, the customer will compromise on vehicles specification. RA claims that for such customers, buying a used car does not have to take them a whole day. This is a customer who wants to walk in the showroom and drive out with a car. RA gives them that assurance through their large inventories of assorted used cars and credit arrangements processes (West 5). RA has serious shoppers who have carried out their home work and know what they need to buy. The customer has researched various ranges of vehicle models and options before visiting RA and then goes on to give his or her specification of a desired pre-owned car. The company manages such customers by ordering new selections of used cars. Most these customers are car young, car enthusiasts and first time buyers. The fact that RA gets most of its sales from serious buyers and shoppers shows that the company know s how to handle its customers in order to maximize sales. At the same time, those customers who have not decided on what car to buy get both advices on credit and car types. The idea of lean operation and approach to the car dealership probably comes from Japanese approach to car sales. Examination of the company’s management practices would appear relevant to a lean operation model of Japanese car dealers. It involves how RA has learnt and changed due to ever increasing competition following Japan’s over production in the automobile industry which led to sales of used cars, particularly in Africa. Lean production approach focuses on production organization, superior quality and productivity of used cars with customers’ needs guiding the selection of used cars in RA. Lean production has been a dominant form of operation management in Japan car industry. Other dealers realized that the method was transferable outside Japan and adopted it. This approach to managem ent could have influenced the operation of RA in its approach to sales of used cars. Financial management Royal Automotive has credit specialists who are ready to handle any customers’ financial needs. The company claims that every credit application for the purchase of its cars gets approved within 5 minutes. The world automobile industry has experienced rapid and deep changes over the past few decades forcing several market leaders to re-invent their managements and operations practices. Re-inventions methods included mergers, globalization strategies, changes in consumer needs and the rapid entry of Asian countries in the automotive field. These companies come with their own organizational and management cultures into established markets. Asian players have now become the largest producers of cars in the world. Subsequently, they have created successful markets for quality used cars in other continents, which have led to significant changes in the automobile industry. RA h as studied the contemporary financial situation in the United States, which has created less optimism in contemporary customers and incorporated it into its management practices. The company is able to provide best selections of quality used cars affordably and on credit. This is due to reduced customers demand for new cars and high vehicle prices. They solve these problems by providing reliable quality used cars to customers and arrange for funding alternatives through their affiliate financial institutions. Nieuwenhuis, Paul and Peter Wells. The automotive industry and the environment: A technical, business and social future. New York: CRC Press, 2003. Print. West, Penny. Organisational Learning in the Automotive Sector: Routledge Advances in Management and Business Studies. New York: Routledge, 2001. Print.

Asylum Seekers Essay Example for Free

Asylum Seekers Essay I have chosen to do my discursive essay on asylum seekers. I will try to separate lies from facts. I had to think carefully about this topic as there are so many different views on asylum seekers. I also opted to look into asylum seekers because I found that they are an extremely oppressed group. I will give pros and cons on asylum seekers and try to balance out my argument. The impact and influences people in power have on the mass media is tremendous. Together with the negative media coverage, asylum seekers have been given such a bad image. International asylum law defines an asylum seeker as someone who seeks asylum in a foreign country because of war, violence or out of fear of persecution. Only after the recognition of the asylum seekers protection needs, he or she is officially referred to as an asylum seeker and enjoys asylum seeker status, which carries certain rights and obligations according the receiving country. Over the last four years there have been 138,530 asylum seekers in the UK alone. There are many claims about asylum seekers that give them this – Britain is known for asylum seekers to do what they want wherever and whenever they want; but asylum seekers are not allowed to claim welfare benefits in the UK. I found out about forty organisations working with asylum seekers and it says that 85% starve because they have no food to live on and 95% cannot afford to buy clothes or shoes and 80% are not able to maintain a good healthy life. I also found out that nine out of ten asylum seekers will pretend to be in danger to get into Britain. Over half of asylum seekers in the UK are given permission to stay here. The ideas that are often portrayed of asylum seekers are not just ones of foreigners trying to get into Britain but sometimes asylum seekers are accused of being criminals. I found out that having fled danger in their home country asylum seekers are more likely to become victims of crime in the UK .Most asylum seekers that come to Scotland think that it’s amazing, outstanding some even say paradise. This shows us the impact and difference it actually has on their life. In Afghanistan you wouldn’t be able to go a walk, go out with friends for a while like you do here; there are bombs going off, dead bodies lying around the streets and you would hardly see any of your friends and family. Most of them don’t even go to school whereas in the UK they love going to school even though most of us hate it, they love the fact that they are learning and are getting an education but a down point to going to school over here is that they would have to learn English and know it really well if not then they would find it very difficult. Some say that Scottish are the best people ever and they feel so welcomed when they come here. The list could go on. In Afghanistan they would have to have an arranged marriage where they have no say on what happens and when it happens. Whereas here in the UK they can get married whenever they want and whatever age they want they might not even get married. It would be their own choice. On the other hand people in Scotland /UK don’t think about all those horrible things that happen in Afghanistan. Some people just presume because they’re not from here or had a different coloured skin that they are terrorists. Some are even scared. And some even bully them because they are a different race or have lost a family member. We dont think of what we actually have†¦ fully educated and we can do a lot more things that they can’t do. When they come to the UK most asylum seekers would do anything for a job they think that British people are so lucky to live a as they say a normal life, but the downside to that is they take jobs away from local people which makes them more angry. Some UK citizens can’t tell the difference between asylum seekers and illegal immigrants they are discriminated against because of this. Some asylum seekers can make a positive contribution to the economy and local community by having a special talent and can help out. To summarise the discusion of asylum seekers is that there a lot of different views on them. There are so many pros and cons but I have only chosen ones I thought stand out and give good evidence. It’s really yourself that needs to decide what you think on asylum seekers, other people may think different from you but it’s you own opinion and not all asylum seekers are the same. Asylum Seekers. (2016, May 26).

Nutritional Values of Meals Provided By Day Nurseries To 3-5year Essay

Nutritional Values of Meals Provided By Day Nurseries To 3-5year Children - Essay Example This essay stresses that the primary source of data for this research shall be information gathered from interviews conducted and visits to several local day care centres. The operators and workers of different nurseries will be interviewed for the types of and content of meals provided to children. By comparing the food quality of different day care centres and also the food quality of the nurseries with the recommended daily allowance of vital nutrients, inferences can be drawn about the nutritional value of meals provided by nurseries. On ethical grounds, approval for the study shall first be sought from the relevant Institutional Review Boards. Confidentiality will be assured and personal information will not be collected. The data collated from the interviews and visits to the sampled nurseries will be analysed qualitatively to ascertain the nutritional values of meals provided in different day care centres, whether this is sufficient and if there is a relationship between the type of day care centre and the nutritional value of the meals provided. This study is very important, as it will establish the sufficiency or otherwise of the proliferating day care centres in adequately nurturing the young population of this country entrusted to their care. It shall also seek to establish if there is any link between type of day care centre and the quality of care they provide, this information will greatly aid parents in choosing the best nursery for the children.

The tattooed soldier Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The tattooed soldier - Essay Example Antonio and Elena are forced to flee to rural San Cristobal. But even there the dormant revolutionary zeal makes her take up the issue for the lethal practices of the local sanitation company. In retaliation, one ill-fated day, she and her young son are shot dead. Earlier they had thought of going to Mexico. Hector Tobar writes, "Perhaps they could move to Mexico. Save enough money to move to Mexico or the United States. A place where they could be safe, and their daughter or son could be educated. A place where you could speak your mind and there were no soldiers on the street." (p.118) After the death of Elena and his son, sensing danger to his life, Antonio flees to Los Angeles. Once in Los Angeles, he finds life much more difficult and risky. He cannot forget Elena and suffers from intense love pangs. The novel begins with the scene of his landlord giving him final notice of eviction and Antonio is busy packing up his meager belongings. In the process of packing, he is overwhelmed to see a photograph. What is his reaction, when he sees it? Hector Tobar writes, â€Å"He discovered a forgotten photograph of his wife and son, taken years ago in Quetzaltenango against a painted backdrop of fanciful lakes and volcanoes. Of all things. He raised the photograph to his lips and tried to fight off the rush of memories that began to gather and rumble like thunder behind his eyes. This picture is the sadness of me, the tragedy of me. (p.7)In Los Angles, he expected a better life.

Outsourcing or Exporting America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Outsourcing or Exporting America - Essay Example The continued heated debate on outsourcing’s pros and cons have affected one of the pillars of American journalism, a CNN host and anchor, Lou Dobbs, on his strong contention that America has been embarking on selling jobs to other countries at the detriment of the American people. In an article written by Dobbs entitled â€Å"Exporting America: false choices† published in the CNNMoney on the 10th of March 2004, he openly countered the criticisms allegedly directed at him by his colleagues in the media industry. Several known and prominent journalists and media men were revealed to attack Dobbs’ views on exporting American jobs: â€Å"Gerard Baker of the Financial Times, An editorial in the Economist magazine, Daniel Henninger of the Wall Street Journal, and Washington Post columnist James Glassman† (Dobbs pars. 1-4). The detractors argued that Dobbs views that â€Å"outsourcing American jobs is neither sound, smart, humane nor in the national interestâ⠂¬  were preposterous, absurd, extremely protectionist and highly sensationalist. In support of Dobbs arguments, the most viable and credible contentions were the information that acknowledged the continued reflection of trade deficits in the country for more than three decades, actually, starting in 1980 (Crooks). This fact, in conjunction with information provided by Torrance who reviewed the ill-effects of outsourcing, to wit: â€Å"income levels are frozen and cannot compete with inflation. Workers lose leverage to negotiate fair wage increases or promotion. Foreign employment policies, such as minimum wage, and working conditions differ. Businesses who are outsourcing can set a minimum wage in developing countries that would never be accepted as a minimum wage in America† (Torrance par. 6). At the same token, Davidson, a guest columnist for FinalCall.com News, wrote in an article entitled â€Å"The outsourcing of America’s jobs†, one year before Dobbs†™ article was published, that the controversial nature of outsourcing jobs has been eminent and his citing another written discourse revealed that: â€Å"In an article that appeared in the August 1, 2003 edition of the Kansas City Star, Shashank Bengali suggested that the goal of a growing number of American companies is to outsource customer-service work to India, as a result of India’s low wages, thriving high-tech sector and annual output of two million English-speaking college graduates. A study by Forrester Research, a technology consulting group, estimates that 3.3 million white-collar service jobs will be outsourced to places like China, Russia and the Philippines—but more than half will go to India† (Davidson par. 7). The U.S. Census Bureau has divulged statistics that reveal continued greater imports of the U.S. of Indian goods, as compared to exports of American goods, which could be traced consistently with the outsourcing data abovementioned (U.S. Census Bureau). More alarming are the statistics cited by Otterman in her discourse that indicates the following facts: â€Å"Boston-based consultancy Forrester estimates that 400,000 service jobs have been lost to offshoring since 2000, with jobs leaving at a rate of 12,000 to 15,000 per month†¦By 2015, Forrester predicts, roughly 3.3 million service jobs will have moved offshore, including 1.7 million "back office" jobs such as payroll processing and accounting, and 473,000 jobs in

Emancipation Proclamation Slaves

Emancipation Proclamation Slaves Emancipation Proclamation Slaves What events shaped the writing of the Emancipation Proclamation? Emancipation was not a new idea in the world. Many countries had freed the slaves earlier in the 1800s even going into the 1830s for the British slaves. This may have caused a fear on the parts of the proslavery people. Because of this, the slave owners in the south wanted a ban on slaves coming from the West Indies and other places where slaves were being freed. The Emancipation Proclamation did not come easy to President Lincoln. The President took over two years to come to the decision that there was even a need for such a document. In that time there was pressure coming from both sides of the issue at President Lincoln. Many events led to the proclamation. What drove Lincoln to finally write it? Did he feel an obligation to free the slaves? Was it a stance to take to keep the Union engaged in the war? Was it pressure from his generals and political figures? Some might be astonished that Abraham Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation based on his non-action on the slavery is sue. John H. Franklin noted in his book on the Emancipation Proclamation, In his inaugural address President Lincoln declared that he had no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with slavery where it exists. Due to federalist principles, Lincoln did not feel that it was his place, as president; to intervene with an issue that he felt was a state matter. Lincoln did question slavery in the territories. You can trace this back to the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858. Suppose, he queried, the people of a territory should vote slavery down? The Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision had decreed that they could not. Who would prevail, the Court of or the people? We know from history that slave states did not want to be outnumbered by free states. No matter how the Supreme Court ruled, Douglas argued, slavery would stay down if the people voted it down. This is supported by the many of the abolitionists of the day. President Lincoln felt pressure for emancipation from a few avenues. Early in 1861, Senator Lyman Trumbull, from Illinois, brought pressure with the introduction of the Confiscation Act. Trumbull stated, contrabands would no longer be slaves if and only if they had been employed by the Confederate armed services. Congress felt that the slaves could be used as a tool against the Confederacy, due to their dependency on them and the view that slaves are property. After the publishing of the first Confiscation Act, pressure escalated even more for emancipation. Lincolns Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, believed it to be in the best interest of the North to, emancipate the slaves, and arm them. This caused a widespread debate because Cameron did not issue this report to the president; he circulated it to the postmasters. Lincoln was not pleased with this, which was a contributing factor to Camerons replacement with Edwin M. Stanton. Believing that the war with the South would be over rather quickly, Lincoln did not feel a need to deal with the slavery issue, thinking the Union would reunite as status quo. Cameron would not be the only person Lincoln had to replace. General John Charles Fremont sought to end Missouris neutrality. Fremont issued martial law, and declared that all slaves should be set free in Missouri. This put Lincoln in the position of asking Fremont to modify his proclamation to conform to the Confiscation Act. Fremont refused to do so and the President made it an order. Fremont was ultimately relieved of command due to the conflict. This may have expanded the thoughts of emancipation in Lincolns mind, but more pressure would emerge from Congressman Thaddeus Stevens. Stevens introduced a bill, asking Lincoln to emancipate all slaves who leave their masters, or who shall aid in the quelling the rebellion. If this action was followed through, it could be looked upon at as Congress attempting to take the emancipation question out of the hands of Lincoln. This did not sway Lincoln; he just reminded them that they must answer for their actions. Lincoln did grant, freedom to all fugitive slaves in Union Army camps and acknowledged that the government would be responsible for their welfare. This provided a split avenue for Lincoln to pursue; he did not give outright emancipation to all, but granted freedom to slaves that were adding the Union, and allowed them to remain free. Lincoln still had paths he could choose from, keeping his options open, Lincoln vowed at the end of his annual message to employ all indispensable means including emancipation- to preserve the union. Preserving the union, again, was his ultimate goal, and we would be shown that Lin coln would consider all avenues to attain it. After the emancipation attempt by Stevens, Senator Turnbull introduced a second confiscation act. More intense than the first, it was adamant in seizing and confiscating anything the Union Army could obtain when defeating the Confederacy. Not only did it stick it to the South, but allowed an influx of freed slaves as troops into the Union army. Before Union officers could return runaway slaves to their owners, court hearings were held to determine the loyalties of the slave owners. The bill also provided cash to establish colonies for the freed slaves, outside of the United States, to keep from disrupting white society. The act proposed that the confiscation be taken legally, in addition to whatever items the federal armies deemed of value on their raids of the rebels. By establishing freed slave colonies outside of the United States, Northerners who feared freed slaves were set at ease. This act was very important in the building of the road to emancipation, setting the precedence t hat freed slaves could be inducted into Union Armies, and employing the use of colonies that Lincoln would ask for, and be granted by Congress. In Lincolns view, gradual emancipation would be best for the country, allowing citizens to become slowly introduced to the idea. Lincoln thought that slavery was the disease of the entire nation and all must share in the suffering of its removal. Lincoln also thought that gradual emancipation would allow the border states a way out of the war, which would then shorten the war because the confederates would have very few men and supplies with out the supply rich states of Virginia. Lincoln had another Union general attempt to force his hand on the issue emancipation from General David Hunter. A strong supporter of infusing blacks into the army, he issued a proclamation, General Order 11, emancipating all slaves in the states of South Carolina, Florida, and Georgia. He did not clear his decision with the president, and consequently the President was furious. The president refused to allow any military official to usurp his authority on emancipation. Lincoln was set on establishing that emancipation was an executive decision, to be made by the president, not Union generals or anyone else. Military losses began to pressure Lincoln as well. The Union forces abandoned the Peninsula Campaign as a costly failure, and Lincoln temporarily abandoned McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac-though Lees army had suffered some twenty thousand casualties to McClellans ten thousand. The Confederate army would win several more battles, putting more pressure on Lincoln, who still wanted a gradual emancipation; knew it was time to act, if for any reason, to replenish lost forces. The Union setbacks in Virginia had persuaded Lincoln to take the first tentative step toward emancipation. Things had gone form bad to worse, Lincoln later recalled, until I felt that we had reached the end of our rope on the plan of operations we had been pursuing; that we had about played our last card, and must change tactics, or lose the game. This was Lincoln endorsing an approach to a new military strategy, after so many previous setbacks. Lincoln wanted a statement, possibly a large victory f or the Union, to launch the emancipation. Lincoln would look to Antietam, a draw more than a victory. Bloody Antietam was also the long-awaited victory that Lincoln need for launching his Emancipation Proclamation. Antietam served as the needed emancipation springboard. The halting of Lees offensive was just enough of a victory to justify Lincolns issuing, on September 23, 1862, the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln felt that this was the right time to issue it, with the Confederate army retreating to Virginia. One of Lincolns hopes, in issuing the Preliminary Proclamation was to deprive the South of its slave labor force, thus undermining the military effectiveness of the Confederacy. If slaves left their southern plantations, many farmers would not be able to harvest their crops; fighting southern men would worry about family back home, possibly deserting the Confederate army to go home and protect what is left. The final proclamation was issued on January 1, 1863. Note that in the final declaration, there is no mention of colonization or compensation. Due to Congress controlling all aspects of the budget, Lincoln may have felt that he could not get those two resolutions through the legislative branch. In the document itself, Lincoln is admitting that he freed the slaves to help him militarily, not on principle. Although he may have felt morally that it was the right thing to do, his main reason was a military need, in the final paragraph of the proclamation that the measure was warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity. In one-way or another all of these events influenced the Emancipation Proclamation. Ultimately, it was a military need that led to its execution. Lincoln, influenced by Cameron, or Turnbells confiscation acts, may have not though to free slaves for the Union army profit of taking on the rebels. With out edicts from Fremont and Hunter, the president would not have taken as strong a stand as he did, not even making the proclamation a military order, or a military necessity. Though all of these are great factors that contributed, Lincoln was influenced most by the military need to emancipate slaves. Recruitment troubles dictated it to be so, and allowing black soldiers into the Union army eased recruitment. A great document granting freedom and born of military necessity, the Emancipation Proclamation also shows the compassion of President Lincoln. Bibliography Bailey, Thomas A., Cohen, Lizabeth, Kennedy, David M. 2006 The American Pageant: A History of the Republic, 13th Edition, Volume I To 1877. Houghton Mifflin Company Franklin, John H. 1965. The Emancipation Proclamation; the Dramatic story of Abraham Lincolns Greatest Document and its Significance in American History. New York: Doubleday Klingaman, William K. Abraham Lincoln and the Road to Emancipation. Viking publishers, New York Road McPherson, James M. 1988. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford University Press. Miller, Steven F. 2006. Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War. http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/chronol.htm (accessed August 24-30, 2008)

Antidumping and the WTO Essay example -- Economy Economics Environment

Antidumping and the WTO While antidumping doesn't get a lot of press, it is certainly one of the biggest issues that the WTO is dealing with today. During the recent WTO Ministerial Conference in Seattle, much was mage about protesters who were demanding higher environmental standards or international labor standards. Little was mentioned about antidumping. However, In the midst of the many demonstrators there were steel workers and members of other union organizations like the AFL-CIO who were there to defend US antidumping laws. Antidumping regulation was a major issue for Seattle as it is for the organization of the WTO in general. From the inception of the WTO, there has been controversy over antidumping laws from diverse groups. Some countries feel that other countries place antidumping measures on products that have not really been dumped. Since the 1994 Uruguay Round, many developing nations feel that they have been unfairly targeted for antidumping penalties by the industrialized nations. Count ries such as Japan and South Korea have also called for reforms. The US, being the largest economy in the world tends to be on the receiving end of much of this controversy about its national antidumping laws. Adding to the confusion, not many cases brought to the WTO panels have been settled as of yet. There are many complaints about antidumping procedures, and some economic graphs can be used to demonstrate these complaints about antidumping and the WTO's antidumping laws. In 1995, the World Trade Organization was born out of the Uruguay Round of trade talks. The WTO has upwards of 123 member countries and new members are always in the process of joining. The WTO is an organization that basically a more formal extension of the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) which had existed for around 50 years. However, the WTO agreements also cover trade issues not in the GATT agreement, such as trade in services and intellectual property rights. Also, WTO member countries must ag ree to all the obligations of its agreements. The WTO also features binding panel resolutions. Countries must accept the panel rulings; under GATT that was not necessarily true. Still, WTO embodies the same spirit as GATT. It favors trade liberalization and globalization over trade barriers. In particular, one main objective of the WTO is to reduce trade restrictions, and o... ...tidumping , this paper restricted its examination to only half of the antidumping story; there are many arguments for the antidumping laws that are currently on the books. No one is suggesting that the US or any other industrialized nation let its industries be unfairly put out of business, if that is truly the case at hand. Still, as the Seattle Round demonstrates, the WTO's antidumping laws seem to have satisfied to few countries. Given the spirit of its trade barrier reduction goals, the WTO should make sure it gets its antidumping rules right. Bibliography: "Consultations on FTAA and WTO Negotiations." Consultations with Canadians. 4 Oct. 99 . Dumler, Christopher M. "Anti-dumping Laws Trash Supercomputer Competition." Cato Briefing Papers. 14 Oct. 1997. . Griswold, Daniel T. "Industry Sets Steel Trap for U.S. Economy." Cato Center for Trade Policy Studies Articles. 23 October 1998.. Hindley, Brian and Patrick A. Messerlin. 29 Nov. 1999. "Japan Wants New Trade Talk." Reuters. 29 Oct. 1999. K & S Law. "Combating Injurious Imports." 29 Nov. 1999. Raghavan, Chakravarthi. "Call for Revision of Anti-dumping, Subsidy Rules. " Third World Network. .

Ankle Injuries A Common Problem Health And Social Care Essay

Introduction:Ankle hurts are a common and perennial job around the universe. International that figures report that mortise joint sprains which are fundamentally weight-bearing hurts represent 15-20 % of all featuring hurts, and about 10 % presentations to accident and exigency departments1. Harmonizing to Brookes et Al ( 1981 ) , the incidence of sidelong mortise joint sprains is about 1 per 10,000 people per twenty-four hours. It is commonly occurs in the athleticss participants due to have oning inappropriate places and walking or running on uneven surface. The major contributes to stableness of the mortise joint articulations are the congruousness of the articular surfaces when the articulations are loaded, the inactive ligaments restraints and the musculotendinous unit, which allow for dynamic stabilisation of the joint. The sidelong ligament composite of the mortise joint, described as the organic structure ‘s †most often injured individual construction † ( Garrick, 1977 ) , is automatically vulnerable to twist hurt. At extremes of plantarflexion and inversion, influenced by the shorter median facet of the mortise joint mortice, the comparatively weak anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) and calcaneofibular ligament ( CFL ) are prone to changing classs of rupture, frequently via minimum force ( Hockenbury and Sammarco, 2001 ) . Ankle sprains can be classified harmonizing to the badness, the degree of hurt, the ligaments involved and clip continuance since the incidence of the injury3. As per the badness they are classified into class 1 ( ligaments non really torn ) , grade 2 ( Partially torn ) and grade 3 ( to the full torn ) . As per the degree of hurt, there are two types of mortise joint sprains ; the high and the low degree sprains4. Depending upon the ligaments involved Type 1 sprain involves partly torn anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) , type 2 involves lacerate calcaneofibular ligament ( CFL ) and in type 3 there is rupturing of the anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) and calcaneofibular ligament ( CFL ) . Harmonizing to the clip continuance there are three phases of mortise joint sprains. First or acute phase involves traumatic reaction instantly following the injury ; the first 24-48 hours. Second or stand in acute phase is from the 2nd twenty-four hours to 6 hebdomads and is the period of fix.third or chronic phase stopping points after 6 hebdomads to 2 months in which there is adherent cicatrix tissue. Immediate inflammatory processes produce acute antero sidelong hurting and hydrops, with turning away of motion and weight bearing ( Wolfe et al. , 2001 ) . Subsequent losingss of joint scope, peculiarly dorsiflexion, and musculus strength consequences in important gait disfunction. Limited dorsiflexion is common after sidelong mortise joint sprain and unequal rehabilitation of dorsiflexion scope of gesture is proposed to take to long term hurting and ankle instability. Acute mortise joint sprains holding marked decrease in dorsiflexion scope of gesture are often pain in full weight bearing and weight bearing techniques are non clinically indicated. The sub ague mortise joint sprain is characterized by important residuary shortages in dorsiflexion ( yong and vicenzino,2002 ) and the capacity to to the full weight bear. Early physical therapy intercession consists of remainder, ice, compaction, lift ( RICE ) and electrotherapy modes to command redness, every bit good as manipulative therapy and curative exercising techniques to turn to damages of motion and strength ( Wolfeet al. , 2001 ; Hockenbury and Sammarco, 2001 ) . Manipulative therapy intervention techniques studied have exhibited non- opiod hypoalgesia to mechanical but non thermic hurting stimulations ( vicenzino et Al.. , 1998 ) . Manual therapy therapy suggested that full physiological Range of gesture. For illustration, the full posterior saggital rotary motion of the talus necessary for dorsiflexion Range of gesture may non be possible when there is a restriction of posterior semivowel of the scree with regard to the ankle mortise. Treatment aimed to bettering posterior glide of the scree are hence thought the aid reconstruct dorsiflexion scope in the presence of limitation. Physiotherapist often use manipulative therapy techniques to mend disfunction and hurting ensuing from mortise joint sprains. Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) intervention improve scope of gesture and allivate hurting. The Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) intervention attack for dorsiflexion post-ankle sprain combines a comparative posteroanterior semivowel of the shinbone on scree with active dorsiflexion motions preferentially in weight bearing ( Mulligan, 1999 ) .Chance of rapid Restoration of unpainful motion are associated with Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) techniques ( Mulligan,1993, 1999 ; Exelby, 1996 ) . Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion in weight bearing patients is more effectual than in non- weight bearing patients in intervention of mortise joint sprains. ( Natalie Collins, Pamela Teys, Bill Vicenzino 2002. ) REVIEW OF LITERATURE ANKLE SPRAIN: The sidelong ligament composite of the mortise joint, described as the organic structure ‘s †most often injured individual construction † ( Garrick, 1977 ) , is automatically vulnerable to twist hurt. At extremes of plantarflexion and inversion, influenced by the shorter median facet of the mortise joint mortice, the comparatively weak anterior talofibular Ligament ( ATFL ) and calcaneofibular ligament ( CFL ) are prone to changing classs of rupture, frequently via minimum force ( Hockenbury and Sammarco, 2001 ) . Ankle hurts are a common and perennial job around the universe. Ankle sprains can be classified harmonizing to the badness, the degree of hurt, the ligaments involved and clip continuance since the incidence of the hurt. As per the badness they are classified into class 1 ( ligaments non really torn ) , grade 2 ( partly torn ) and grade 3 ( to the full torn ) . As per the degree of hurt, there are two types of mortise joint sprains ; the high and the low degree sprains4. Depending upon the ligaments involved Type 1 sprain involves partly lacerate ATFL, type 2 involves lacerate ATFL and integral CFL and in type 3 there is rupturing of the ATFL and CFL. Immediate inflammatory processes produce acute anterolateral hurting and hydrops, with turning away of motion and weight bearing ( Wolfe et al. , 2001 ) . Subsequent losingss of joint scope, peculiarly dorsiflexion, and musculus strength consequences in important gait disfunction. Recent informations from research lab high spots the presence of a dorsiflexion shortage non merely in the ague phase, but besides in the subacute phase ( Yang and Vicenzino, 2002 ) . Limited dorsiflexion scope of gesture ( ROM ) is common after sidelong mortise joint sprain and should be addressed during rehabilitation ( Denegar CR et Al 2002 ) . Inadquate rehabilitation of dorsiflexion scope of gesture is proposed to take to long – term hurting and mortise joint instability ( Hertel J et Al 2000 ) . An inordinate anterior supplanting of the scree is believed to happen during plantarflexioninversion hurt and persist with residuary laxness of the anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) ( mulligan,1999 ) . Early physical therapy intercession consists of remainder, ice, compaction, lift ( RICE ) and electrotherapy modes to command redness, every bit good as manipulative therapy and curative exercising techniques to turn to damages of motion and strength. Brad gilden: Ezine et Al ( 1998 ) stated that most common mechanism of hurt in mortise joint sprain is an inversion hurting that occurs when ankle turn inward and the organic structure ‘s weights compressers the mortise joint conveying the sidelong malleolus near to the floor. Brantingham et Al ( 2001 ) stated that terrible sprain ligaments tear wholly doing swelling and sometimes shed blooding under tegument. As a consequence, the mortise joint is unable to bear weight. Green denegar et Al ( 2001 ) suggested that limitation of the ankle scope of gesture may be following sidelong mortise joints sprain ensuing in the restriction of dorsiflexion scope of gesture. Jey Hertal, Denegar et Al. , ( 2002 ) stated that sidelong mortise joint instability occurs that refers to the being of an unstable mortise joint due to sidelong ligamentous harm caused by inordinate supination or inversion of the rear pes. Gillman DC, Orteza et Al ( 2006 ) stated that ‘ when the pes is distorted outwards, the sprained mortise joint is called an eversion hurt, when this occur, the interior ligament called the deltoid ligament, is stretched excessively far ‘ . Jane kavanagh et Al ( 2006 ) stated that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion positional mistakes and hurting alleviation in betterment of inferior tibio fibular articulation in mortise joint sprain.MULLIGAN ‘S MOBILISATION WITH MOVEMENT:Techniques known as Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) have been proposed as fresh manual therapy techniques to better joint scope of gesture ( ROM ) by uniting physiological and accessary articulation motions. Although Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion techniques are a comparatively new intervention approach their usage in rehabilitation of patients after sidelong mortise joint sprain in going progressively common. Manual therapy theory suggests that full physiological scope of gesture ( ROM ) can non happen when restriction in accessary joint gestures exist ( Maitland GD et Al 1983 ) . For illustration, the full posterior sagittal rotary motion of the talus necessary for dorsiflexion scope of gesture ( ROM ) may non be possible when there is a restriction to posterior semivowel of the scree with regard to the ankle mortice. Treatments aimed at bettering posterior glide of the scree are hence thought to assist reconstruct dorsiflexion scope in the presence of limitation. An inordinate anterior supplanting of the scree is believed to happen during plantarflexioninversion hurt and persist with residuary laxness of the anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) ( mulligan,1999 ) . Denegar et Al, ( 2002 ) reported increased ATFL laxness and restricted posterior talar semivowel in 12 athelets who had sustained an mortise joint sprain 6 months earlier and had since returned to feature. The clinical principle given for the anteroposteiror glide constituent of the weight bearing dorsiflexion Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique is to cut down any residuary anterior supplanting of the scree ( mulligan,1999 ) , mulligan ( 1993-1999 ) proposed that rectification of the restricted posterior semivowel, via repeats of dorsiflexion with a sustained anteroposteior talar mobilisation ( automatically similar to posteroanterior tibial semivowel on scree ) , restores the normal articulation kinematics even after release of the semivowel. Acute mortise joint sprain showed pronounced decrease in dorsiflexion scope of gesture and are often painful in full weight bearing. Therefore weightbearing techniques are non clinically indicated. The sub ague mortise joint sprain is characterized by important residuary shortages in dorsiflexion ( yang and vicenzino, 2002 ) and the capacity to to the full weight bear, doing it a good theoretical account on which to analyze the initial effects of weight bearing Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion on dorsiflexion. The dorsiflexion Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion mechanism of action hence appears to be mechanical, and non straight via alterations in the hurting system. Mulligan ‘s et Al ( 1991 ) stated that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique, aimed to cut down restricted painful motion and reconstruct hurting free and full scope of gesture. Mulligan ; s B.R et Al ( 1993 ) stated that the purpose of motion with mobilisation is to reconstruct normal scope of gesture and decreased hurting by rectifying positional mistakes. Eiff Mp, Smith AT, Smith GE, et al 1994 ) suggested that in first clip sidelong mortise joint sprains, although the both immobilisation and early mobilisation prevent late residuary symptoms and ankle instability, early mobilisation allows earlier return to work and may be more comfy for patients. Hertling and Kessler et Al ( 1996 ; 1997 ) stated that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation is used to reconstruct restricted the scope of gesture in chronic mortise joint sprain. Brad Gilden ; Ezine et Al ( 1997 ) stated that manual therapy technique will be used to normal joint mechanics and to keep the proper musculus firing pattern necessary for stableness. Green et Al ( 1997 ) reported that more rapid Restoration of dorsiflexion scope of gesture and standardization of the pace in patients treated with posterior talar mobilisation following sidelong ankle sprain. Denegar and miller et Al ( 2002 ) stated that lading and emphasis to these ligaments with early return to full weight bearing may compromise the healing procedure and do the ligaments to ligaments to mend in a elongated province. Green T, Refshauge K, croshie J Adams R et Al ( 2001 ) stated that add-on of a talocrural mobilisation to the RICE protocol in the direction of ankle inversion hurts helps to accomplish hurting free dorsiflexion and better the pace velocity. Brian Irish burgoo ‘s et Al ( 2001 ) stated that construct of mobilisations with motion ( MWM ‘S ) in appendages and sustained natural apophyseal semivowels ( SNAGS ) rating with the coincident application of both therapist applied accoutrement and patient generalized active physiological motions. Denegar ( R ) , Hertel-J, Fonseca-J ; et Al ( 2002 ) stated that dorsiflexion scope of gesture was restored in the population of restricted posterior semivowel of the talocrural articulation. Craige R, Denegar PT, et Al, ( 2003 ) suggested that betterment of dorsiflexion scope of gesture and Restoration of the physiological scope of gesture and residuary articulation disfunction was noticed after joint mobilisation. Collins et Al ( 2004 ) stated that subsequent loss of joint scope of gesture peculiarly dorsiflexion and musculus strength consequences in important gait disfunction. Natalie Collins, Pamela teys, et Al ( 2004 ) conducted a survey to happen out the initial effects of Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique on dorsiflexion and hurting in subacute class II mortise joint sprains. During intervention status the dorsiflexion weight bearing mobilisation with motion technique was performed on diagnostic talocrural articulation. Weight bearing dorsiflexion was measured by articulatio genus to palisade rule. Pain was measured via force per unit area and thermic hurting threshold by utilizing force per unit area algometry and thermotest system. They concluded that mobilisation with motion intervention for ankle dorsiflexion has a mechanical instead than hypoalgesic consequence in subacute class II mortise joint sprains. Mulligan ‘s dorsiflexion mobilisation with motion technique significantly increases talocrural dorsiflexion ab initio after application in subacute mortise joint sprains. Whitman.JM, Child, Walker et Al, ( 2005 ) stated that accessary joint gesture were restored and were correlated with immediate betterments in scope of gesture, pace mechanism and decreased hurting after mobilisation and manipulative intercessions. Vicenzino.B. Branjerdporn.M. Teys et Al ( 2006 ) stated that due to the success of mobilisation with motion, it was recommended as portion of a through intervention program for ankle sprain. Vicenzino et Al ( 2006 ) stated that initial consequence of a Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique on scope of gesture and force per unit area hurting threshold in hurting limited mortise joint. Branjerdporn M, Teys P, Jordan k et Al ( 2006 ) suggested that mobilisation with motion technique should be considered in rehabilitation plans following sidelong ankle sprain. Andrea Reid, Trevor, Greg Alcock et Al ( 2007 ) stated that a talocrural mobilisation with motion in weight bearing place significantly increases weight bearing dorsiflexion instantly following intervention in patients with reduced dorsiflexion due to sidelong mortise joint sprain. Dorsiflexion was assessed weight bearing lurch trial. Paungamalis.A and Teys et Al ( 2007 ) stated that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion helps to better scope of gesture and degrees of hurting are non to the full understood. But mobilisation with motion appears to rectify positional mistakes which have occurred as a consequence of hurt. Several surveies have shown mobilisation with motion has a positive consequence on scope of gesture ( peculiarly dorsiflexion ) Andrea Reid, Trevor B, Birminghan, and Greg Alcock et Al ( 2007 ) suggested that a talocrural mobilisation with motion improves ankle dorsiflexion instantly following intervention. R, Jones ; J Carter: P moorie and A, Wills et Al ( 2008 ) stated that acceptable inter perceiver and intra perceiver dependability for usage of weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion appraisal tool step weight bearing dorsiflexion lurch scope of gesture. Akre Ambarish A, Jeba Chitra, khatri subhash et Al ( 2008 ) compared the effectivity was of mobilisation with motion in weight bearing and non-weight bearing place in intervention of sidelong mortise joint sprain. 30 patients were indiscriminately allotted to 2 groups. Outcome steps such as hurting and scope of gesture and pes and ankle disablement index were used. Consequences showed that mobilisation with motion in weight bearing place was more effectual than non-weight bearing place in the intervention of mortise joint sprains. Willam G. Hamilton M D et Al ( 2008 ) Thus survey stated that terpsichoreans frequently have unusual troubles related to the altered kinesiology required by their single dance signifier peculiarly in the posing of overuse hurt. Venturini C, PENEDO MM, Peixoto GH, Ferriea ML, et Al, October ; ( 2007 ) Stated that applied force was able to increase dorsiflexion scope of gesture ( ROM ) after the Maitland class III antero posterior mobilisation of the scree. Hertting and Kessler ( 1996-97 ) stated that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation technique be used to reconstruct restricted scope of gesture in mortise joint sprain. Jay Hertal, Denegar et Al ( 2002 ) stated that sidelong mortise joint instability occurs that refers to the existenseof an unstable mortise joint due to sidelong ligamentous harm caused by inordinate supination or inversion of the rear pes. The Mulligan Concept Principles of Treatment: In the application of manual therapy techniques, Specific to the application of Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) and SNAGS in clinical pattern, the undermentioned basic rules have been developed: 1 ) During appraisal the healer will place one or more comparable marks as described by Maitland. These marks may be a loss of joint motion, hurting associated with motion, or hurting associated with specific functional activities ( i.e. , sidelong cubitus hurting with resisted carpus extension, inauspicious nervous tenseness ) . 2 ) A inactive accoutrement joint mobilisation is applied following the rules of Kaltenborn ( i.e. , parallel or perpendicular to the joint plane ) . This accessary semivowel must itself be pain free. 3 ) The healer must continuously supervise the patient ‘s reaction to guarantee no hurting is recreated. The healer investigates assorted combinations of analogue or perpendicular semivowels to happen the right intervention plane and class of motion. 4 ) While prolonging the accoutrement semivowel, the patient is requested to execute the comparable mark. The comparable mark should now be significantly improved ( i.e. , increased scope of gesture, and a significantly decreased or better yet, absence of the original hurting ) . 5 ) Failure to better the comparable mark would bespeak that the healer has non found the right contact point, intervention plane, class or way of mobilisation, spinal section or that the technique is non indicated. 6 ) The antecedently restricted and/or painful gesture or activity is repeated by the patient while the healer continues to keep the appropriate accoutrement semivowel. Further additions are expected with repeat during a intervention session typically affecting three sets of 10 repeats. 7 ) Further additions may be realized through the application of inactive overpressure at the terminal of available scope. It is expected that this overpressure is once more, unpainful. Self-treatment is frequently possible utilizing Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) principles with adhesive tape and/or the patient supplying the glide constituent of the Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) and the patient ‘s ain attempts to bring forth the active motion. Pain is ever the usher. Successful Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) and Snags techniques should render the comparable mark painless while significantly bettering map during the application of the technique. Sustained betterments are necessary to warrant on-going intercession. †DISCUSSTIONThis survey was conducted to happen out the consequence of Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique in bettering dorsiflexion patients with sub ague mortise joint sprain. Fiften patients with sub ague mortise joint sprains who fulfilled inclusive and sole standards were selected by purposive sampling and assigned into individual group. patients were treated with Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion ( MWM ) in weight bearing place for the continuance of 10 yearss. Statistical analysis was done by utilizing mated ‘t ‘ trial. Consequences showed that there was significance consequence of Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique in weight bearing place in bettering weight bearing dorsiflexion scope of gesture in sub ague mortise joint sprain. Application of the dorsiflexion Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique ( MWM ) to patients with subacute sidelong ligament mortise joint sprains produced a important immediate betterment in weight bearing dorsiflexion. Immediate inflammatory processes produce acute anterolateral hurting and hydrops, with turning away of motion and weight bearing ( Wolfe et al. , 2001 ) . Subsequent losingss of joint scope, peculiarly dorsiflexion, and musculus strength consequences in important gait disfunction. Recent informations from research lab high spots the presence of a dorsiflexion shortage non merely in the ague phase, but besides in the subacute phase ( Yang and Vicenzino, 2002 ) . Limited dorsifletion scope of gesture ( ROM ) is common after sidelong mortise joint sprain and should be addressed during rehabilitation ( Denegar CR et Al 2002 ) . Inadquate rehabilitation of dorsiflexion scope of gesture is proposed to take to long – term hurting and mortise joint instability ( Hertel J et Al 2000 ) . Early physical therapy intercession consists of remainder, ice, compaction, lift ( RICE ) and electrotherapy modes to command redness, every bit good as manipulative therapy and curative exercising techniques to turn to damages of motion and strength. Acute mortise joint sprain showed pronounced decrease in dorsiflexion scope of gesture and are often painful in full weight bearing. Therefore weightbearing techniques are non clinically indicated. The sub ague mortise joint sprain is characterized by important residuary shortages in dorsiflexion ( yang and vicenzino, 2002 ) and the capacity to to the full weight bear, doing it a good theoretical account on which to analyze the initial effects of weight bearing Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion on dorsiflexion Mulligan ( 1993-1999 ) proposed that rectification of the restricted posterior semivowel, via repeats of dorsiflexion with a sustained anteroposteior talar mobilisation ( automatically similar to posteroanterior tibial semivowel on scree ) , restores the normal articulation kinematics even after release of the semivowel. The dorsiflexion Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion mechanism of action hence appears to be mechanical, and non straight via alterations in the hurting system. Paired ‘t ‘ trial concluded that there was important betterment in weight bearing dorsiflexion in Mulligan ‘s mobilisation with motion technique in weight bearing place in patient ‘s with sub ague mortise joint sprains, which was supplied by surveies as follows, Akre Ambarish A, Jeba Chitra, khatri subhash et Al ( 2008 ) compared the effectivity was of mobilisation with motion in weight bearing and non-weight bearing place in intervention of sidelong mortise joint sprain. 30 patients were indiscriminately allotted to 2 groups. Outcome steps such as hurting and scope of gesture and pes and ankle disablement index were used. Consequences showed that mobilisation with motion in weight bearing place was more effectual than non-weight bearing place in the intervention of mortise joint sprains Natalie Collins, Pamela teys, et Al ( 2004 ) conducted a survey to happen out the initial effects of Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique on dorsiflexion and hurting in subacute class II mortise joint sprains. During intervention status the dorsiflexion weight bearing mobilisation with motion technique was performed on diagnostic talocrural articulation. Weight bearing dorsiflexion was measured by articulatio genus to palisade rule. Pain was measured via force per unit area and thermic hurting threshold by utilizing force per unit area algometry and thermotest system. They concluded that mobilisation with motion intervention for ankle dorsiflexion has a mechanical instead than hypoalgesic consequence in subacute class II mortise joint sprains. Mulligan ‘s dorsiflexion mobilisation with motion technique significantly increases talocrural dorsiflexion ab initio after application in subacute mortise joint sprains. Brian Irish burgoo ‘s et Al ( 2001 ) stated that construct of mobilisations with motion ( MWM ‘S ) in appendages and sustained natural apophyseal semivowels ( SNAGS ) rating with the coincident application of both therapist applied accoutrement and patient generalized active physiological motions. Green et Al ( 1997 ) reported that more rapid Restoration of dorsiflexion scope of gesture and standardization of the pace in patients treated with posterior talar mobilisation following sidelong ankle sprain. Following subacut mortise joint sprains, there was increased ATF ligament laxness and restricted posterior talar semivowel which consequences in lessening in dorsiflexion scope of gesture. Subacute mortise joint sprain has capacity to to the full weight bear so that it was advised to execute Irish burgoo ‘s mobilization with motion in weight bearing place. Dorsiflexion was improved by mechanical effects gained through accessary anterioposterior motion of scree along with physiological dorsiflexion motion of talocrural articulation in patients with subacute mortise joint sprains. Therefore the survey concluded that Irish burgoo ‘s mobilisation with motion technique was effectual in bettering dorsiflexion patients with sub ague mortise joint sprain.